PROBLEM-SOLVING

Problem-solving is both an ability and a process. As an ability, problem-solving can aid in resolving issues faced in different environments like home, school, abroad, and social situations, among others. As a process, problem-solving involves a series of steps for finding solutions to questions or concerns that arise throughout life.

The importance of problem-solving for managers

Managers deal with problems regularly, whether supervising a staff of two or 100. When people solve problems quickly and effectively, workplaces can benefit in a number of ways. These include:

·         Greater creativity

·         Higher productivity

·         Increased job fulfillment

·         Satisfied clients or customers

·         Better cooperation and cohesion

·         Improved environments for employees and customers

Steps of the problem-solving process

Effective problem-solving involves five essential steps. One way to remember them is through the IDEAL model created in 1984 by psychology professors John D. Bransford and Barry S. Stein [1]. The steps to solving problems in this model include: identifying that there is a problem, defining the goals you hope to achieve, exploring potential solutions, choosing a solution and acting on it, and looking at (or evaluating) the outcome.

1. Identify that there is a problem and root out its cause.

To solve a problem, you must first admit that one exists to then find its root cause. Finding the cause of the problem may involve asking questions like:

·         Can the problem be solved?

·         How big of a problem is it?

·         Why do I think the problem is occurring?

·         What are some things I know about the situation?

·         What are some things I don't know about the situation?

·         Are there any people who contributed to the problem?

·         Are there materials or processes that contributed to the problem?

·         Are there any patterns I can identify?

 

2. Define the goals you hope to achieve.

Every problem is different. The goals you hope to achieve when problem-solving depends on the scope of the problem. Some examples of goals you might set include:

·         Gather as much factual information as possible.

·         Brainstorm many different strategies to come up with the best one.

·         Be flexible when considering other viewpoints.

·         Articulate clearly and encourage questions, so everyone involved is on the same page.

·         Be open to other strategies if the chosen strategy doesn't work.

·         Stay positive throughout the process.

3. Explore potential solutions.

Once you've defined the goals you hope to achieve when problem-solving, it's time to start the process. This involves steps that often include fact-finding, brainstorming, prioritizing solutions, and assessing the cost of top solutions in terms of time, labor, and money.

4. Choose a solution and act on it.

Evaluate the pros and cons of each potential solution, and choose the one most likely to solve the problem within your given budget, abilities, and resources. Once you choose a solution, it's important to make a commitment and see it through. Draw up a plan of action for implementation, and share it with all involved parties clearly and effectively, both verbally and in writing. Make sure everyone understands their role for a successful conclusion.

5. Look at (or evaluate) the outcome.

Evaluation offers insights into your current situation and future problem-solving. When evaluating the outcome, ask yourself questions like:

·         Did the solution work?

·         Will this solution work for other problems?

·         Were there any changes you would have made?

·         Would another solution have worked better?